Adsorption mechanism and modeling of radionuclides and heavy metals onto ZnO nanoparticles: a review

Abstract The contamination of environmental waters with heavy metals and radionuclides is increasing because rapid industrial population growth. removal these contaminants from water via adsorption onto metal nanoparticles an efficient promising technique to abate the toxic effects associated pollutants. Among nanoparticle adsorbents, zinc oxide (ZnONPs) have received tremendous attention owing their biocompatibility, affordability, long-term stability, surface characteristics, nontoxicity, powerful antibacterial activity against microbes found in water. In this review, we considered ZnONPs. We examined isotherm, kinetic, thermodynamic modeling process as well mechanism provide significant insights into interactions between pollutants nanoparticles. ZnONPs areas (3.93 58.0 m 2 /g) synthesized by different methods exhibited capacities (0.30 1500 mg/g) for Langmuir Freundlich isotherms were most suitable process. separation factor indicated favorable all on pseudo-second-order kinetics presented best adsorbates regression values range 0.986–1.000. Spontaneous was obtained studies involving endothermic exothermic processes. complexation, precipitation, ion exchange, electrostatic are probable mechanisms a predominance complexation. desorption process, reusability direction future investigations also presented.